High-speed pressing machine

ABSTRACT

A high-speed pressing machine comprises a receiver filled with compressed gas. A piston with the piston rod at which end there is fixed a crossbeam with the working tool, and the piston moves in a central portion of the receiver space. Power cylinders are provided to return the crossbeam with the working tool to the initial position and are rigidly fixed within the receiver space. This permits cutting the time between the tool operations and raising the number of work cycles of the machine per time unit.

United States Patent [1 1 Fedosenko et al. Dec. 4, 1973 HIGH-SPEED PRESSING MACHINE 3,194,049 7/1965 Riemenschneider 72 453 [76] Inventors: Igor Grigorievich Fedosenko, 602 Mikmraion, 51, 206; Vadim 3:427:857 2/1969 Asari 72 453 Grigorievich Kononenko, ul. Chkalova, 15, kv. 12; Anatoly Sergeevich Morgolenko; Gennady Dmitrievich Selivanov, both of ul. Chkalova, 15, all of Kharkov, U.S.S.R.

Filed: June 27, 1972 Appl. N0.: 266,738

Field of Search 72/453, 44 5, 437

References Cited v UNITED STATES PATENTS Brauer 72/453 11/1964 Bollar 72/453 Primary Examiner-Charles W. Lanham Assistant ExaminerGene P. Crosby Att0rney-Eric H. Waters et al.

[5 7] ABSTRACT A high-speed pressing machine comprises a receiver filled with compressed gas. A piston with the piston rod at which end there is fixed a crossbeam with the working tool, and the piston moves in a central portion of the receiver space. Power cylinders are provided to return the crossbeam with the working tool to the initial position and are rigidly fixed within the receiver space. This permits cutting the time between the tool operations and raising the number of work cycles of the machine per time unit.

2 Claims, 1 Drawing Figure Z V a %/77/////////////W% The present invention relates to plastic working of materials, and more specifically to high-speed pressing machines utilizing the energy of high-pressure gas to accelerate the working tool to great speeds, and operating in a closed thermodynamic cycle, i.e., without gas ejection to the atmosphere.

The most successful use of this invention can he made in high-speed machines employed for producing precision forgings from ordinary and hard-to-deform metals and alloys, as well as for cutting pipes and shaped rolled sections. Such diverse operations can be executed due to that the machine design permits replacing the working tool.

Known in the art are high-speed machines comprising a bed wherein mounted on shock absorbers is a base over which fixed on vertical pillars is areceiver having a pressure gas space that accomodates a piston with, a piston rod capable'of vertical movements and carrying the working tool, the latter being returned to the upper, i.e., the inital, position by means of power cylinders communicating with their drive.

In such machines the pistonsof the power cylinders are disposed in the lower part-of the machine, i-.e., not higher than its base, and during the return of the working tool to the initial position they move upward. After the working tool takes its initial upper position, the pistons of the powercylinders together with the piston rods again move down, thus freeing the access to the die.

The main disadvantage of these machines consists in that the return of the working tool necessarily requires subsequent withdrawal of the piston rods, which reduces the number of work cycles of the machine per time unit, since the auxiliary operations of servicing the die, removing the previous blank, and delivering the newone can be carried out only after the working tool and the pistons of the power cylinders are set into their initial positions.

This disadvantage is particularly felt when the highspeed machines are employed for cutting pipes and rolled shapes in rolling mill conditions, where the tool must be quickly removed from the working zone.

In existing designs of modern high-speed machines reduction of the time to return the working tool into the initial position necessitates an increase in the hydraulic drive power. I

Besides that, when cutting pipes and rolled shapes having different dimensions, and hence requiring different energy for their division, excessive energy may be left which is spent for elastic deformation of the die. Quenching the excessive energy is not always possible, and sometimes causes breakages of the dies.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a high-speed pressingmachine wherein the power cylinders would be mounted so, that their withdrawal from the operating zoneof the working tool should require no additional time.

This object is achieved in a high-speed pressing machine, comprising a bed wherein mounted on shock absorbers is a base over which fixed on vertical pillars is a receiver having a pressure gas space that accommodates a piston with a piston rod capable of vertical movements and carrying the working tool, the latter being returned to the initial position by means of power cylinders communicating with a drive.

According to the invention, the power cylinders are disposed within the receiver, the pressure spaces over the piston of each of the cylinders communicating with the drive, and their pressure spaces under thepistons communicating with the receiver.

Such a design of the machine permits cutting the time to return the working tool into the: initial position, and I hence raising the number of the work cycles of the machine.

It is expedient making in the lower part of the receiver a damping recess serving to quench the exces sive energy when deforming the blank.

A high-speed machine made according to the present invention has a relatively small size and simple design. Such a machine features high efficiency.

Following is a description of a particular exemplary embodiment of the invention with references to the appended drawing which shows the high-speed pressing machine in a longitudinal section.

Shown in the drawing to the left of i the axis of symme try is the machine in its position before performing the working stroke.

The high-speed machine has a bed 1 wherein mounted on shock absorbers 2 is a base 3over which fixed on pillars 4is a receivers. Base 3, pillars 4, and

the housingof receiver 5 are rigidly interconnected forming a frame that takes up the operating loads of the machine. The shock absorbrs 2 serve to quench the oscillations of the frame during its movement relative to bed 1- Attached to base 3 is the bottom part 6 of the working tool, say, a die, with a blank 7 to be impact-shaped.

The top part 8 of the workingtool is attached to a crossbeam 9 made integral with a piston rod =l0and piston 11.

Receiver 5 has an inner cylindrical space 12 filled with compressed gas. Used in the present case is nitrogen under a pressure of 150. atrn. Piston l1 is*dispose'd in the centralportion of space 12 of receiver 5. The energy of high-pressure gas is transformed into kinetic energy of the working tool 8 which is consumedto deform blank 7. i

Made in the centre at bottom of the housing of recentre. Made symmetrically therewith over space 12 are two more through holes. Outside the housing of receiver 5 these three holes are interconnected by a piping 15 through a throttle l6 and a return valve 17. As

tool 8 returns to the initial position, piston 11- enters space 14, gas being expelled therefrom through the return valve 17 into space 12. The side surface of space 14 and piston 11 have a relatively high surface finish and accuracy. This permits minimizing gas penetration therebetween from space 12 of receiver 5 into space 14. Thus, piston 11 is held in its initial position within a time necessary for the gas to pass from space 12 through throttle 16 into space 14, to equalizethe pressures in these spaces 12 and 14. The time of pressure equalization is regulated by adjusting throttle 16, and" depends on the duration of operations precedingthe stroke.

Secured in space 12 of receiver 5 in diametrically opposite positions are two power cylinders 18, each acachieved by pressurizing the fluid from the hydraulic drive into the spaces over the pistons, their upward movement being effected by the high-pressure gas contained in space 12 and acting on the bottom face of pistons 19, the fluid from the spaces over the pistons being expelled into the draining vessel.

The total area of the bottom faces of pistons 19 should exceed the area of the bottom face of piston l 1, to provide for the lifting of crossbeam 9 with tool 8.

To improve the performance of the frictioning surfaces and packing of the piston rods 10 and 20, space 12 of receiver 5 is partially filled with a lubricant, for example, mineral oil.

The machine operates as follows.

In the initial position, piston 11 occupies space 14 and the over-piston spaces of the power cylinders 18 are connected with the draining tank. To execute the operative stroke of the working tool 8, the over-piston spaces of the power cylinders 18 are connected to the hydraulic drive. The high-pressure fluid incoming into these spaces will chase down-pistons 19 with the piston rods 20, thus relieving crossbeam 9 with the working tool 8. While going down, pistons 19 will additionally throttle 16 into space 14 where it acts on piston 11 moving it downwards. As soon as piston 11 emerges from space 14, its surface is affected by all the volume of gas in space 12 of receiver 5. The working tool 8 is now accelerated. Under the effect of reactive forces the frame of the machine moves upwards. The energy of the high-pressure gas is transformed into kinetic energy of the movement of cross-beam 9 with the top part 8 of the working tool, as well as of the frame with the bottom part 6 of the working tool, and is consumed for the deformation of blank 7.

At the end of the deformation process the frame sinks onto the shock absorbers 2 taking its initial position.

All thecomponents of the machine occupy the positions shown in the drawing to the right of the axis of symmetry.

To return crossbeam 9 with the working tool 8 to the initial position, the over-piston spaces of the power cylinders 18 are connected to thedraining tank. Under the pressure of gas in space 12 of receiver 5 pistons 19 move upwards entraining crossbeam 9 with toll 8.

The return time is determined by the clear opening of the pipes connecting the over-piston spaces of cylinders 18 with the draining tank.

When piston 1 1 enters space 14 gas is expelled therefrom through piping l5, throttle 16, and the return valve 17 into space 12 of receiver 5.

After pistons 11 and 19 return to their initial positions blank 7 is removed from the bottom half 6 of the tool and is replaced by a new one.

To deliver the next impact, it is sufficient connecting the over-piston spaces of the power cylinders 18 to the pressure line of the hydraulic drive, pistons 19 now going down and relieving crossbeam 9 with the working tool 8. At the same time high-pressure gas passes from space 12 of receiver 5 through throttle 16 into space 14, thus shifting piston 11 into the starting position to deliver the stroke.

The high-speed machine made according to the present invention features a simple design, high efficiency, and requires no complex control system.

What we claim is:

1. A high-speed pressing machine, comprising: a bed, 7

a base mounted in said bed on shock absorbers; a receiver fixed on vertical pillars over said base, the inner space of said receiver being filled with compressed gas; a piston disposed within the space of said receiver and capable of movement; a piston rod one end of which adjoins said piston; a crossbeam secured on the second end of said piston rod extending beyond the space of said receiver; a working tool fixed on said crossbeam, the latter having at least two cylindrical through holes; at least two power cylinders rigidly fixed within the space of said receiver; pistons moving inside said power cylinders; piston rods each of which adjoins through one end thereof said piston, while the other ends are let through the holes in said crossbeam which serve to return said crossbeam into its initial position; stops secured on the ends of said piston rods, to retain said crossbeam thereon, said power cylinders having pressure spaces over their pistons, said spaces being connected with a drive to pressurize the medium thereinto, and pressure spaces under their pistons, which communicate with the space of said receiver.

2. A machine as in claim 1, wherein formed at the bottom of the receiver space is a damping recess serving to quench the excessive energy of impact during the working stroke of the piston. 

1. A high-speed pressing machine, comprising: a bed, a base mounted in said bed on shock absorbers; a receiver fixed on vertical pillars over said base, the inner space of said receiver being filled with compressed gas; a pistoN disposed within the space of said receiver and capable of movement; a piston rod one end of which adjoins said piston; a crossbeam secured on the second end of said piston rod extending beyond the space of said receiver; a working tool fixed on said crossbeam, the latter having at least two cylindrical through holes; at least two power cylinders rigidly fixed within the space of said receiver; pistons moving inside said power cylinders; piston rods each of which adjoins through one end thereof said piston, while the other ends are let through the holes in said crossbeam which serve to return said crossbeam into its initial position; stops secured on the ends of said piston rods, to retain said crossbeam thereon, said power cylinders having pressure spaces over their pistons, said spaces being connected with a drive to pressurize the medium thereinto, and pressure spaces under their pistons, which communicate with the space of said receiver.
 2. A machine as in claim 1, wherein formed at the bottom of the receiver space is a damping recess serving to quench the excessive energy of impact during the working stroke of the piston. 